It is believed that Senimut, the great architect who built this temple, its design was inspired by the plan of the neighboring mortuary Temple of the 12th Dynasty king Neb-Re-Hept. The temple was built for the great Queen Hatshepsut (18th Dynasty), to commemorate her achievements and to serve as a funerary temple for her, as well as a sanctuary of the god Amon Ra.
In the seventh century AD, which was named after a Coptic monastery in the region, known as the "Northern Monastery". Today it is known as the Temple of Deir El-Bahari, which in Arabic means "Temple of the Northern monastery". It is a theory that suggests that the Temple in the early Christian period, was used as a Coptic monastery.
This unique Temple reflects clear ideas about the serious conflict between Hatshepsut and his nephew and son, Thutmose III, as many of his statues were destroyed, and the followers of Tuthmosis III damaged most of their cartridges, after the mysterious death queen.
The temple consists of three imposing terraces. The bottom two were once full of trees. At the southern end of the first colonnade there are some scenes, like the famous scene in the transportation of two obelisks of Hatshepsut.
On the north side of the colonnade is a scene that represents the Queen offering four calves to Amon Ra.
The second terrace is now accessed by a ramp; Originally, it would have been the stairs. The famous Punt relief is engraved on the south side of the second colonnade. The trip to Punt (now Somalia) was the first graphic documentation of a trade expedition recorded, and discovered in ancient Egypt; until now. The scenes show retail, maritime expedition that Queen Hatshepsut sent through the Red Sea to Punt, just before the ninth year of his reign (1482 BC) This famous expedition was led by his high office, Pa-nahsy and lasted 3 years. His mission was to exchange Egyptian merchandise for the products of Punt, especially gold, incense and tropical trees.
In the south, is the sanctuary of the goddess Hathor. The court which led to the columns of the chapel, where Hathor, who is depicted with his face and ears of a cow, carrying a sistrum (musical instrument) of a woman; in the wall, which is described as a cow. In this part of the temple, King Tuthmosis III erased the names of the queen.
In the north colonnade of the second hand, there is a scene depicting the divine birth of Hatshepsut. The Queen said she was the daughter of Amon Ra God to legitimize his rule.
Beyond the colonnade in the north are the chapel of Anubis, the god of embalming and guardian of the necropolis.
The third terrace is accessed by a ramp! It consists of two rows of columns, the front Osirid take the form (a form of the mummy); Unfortunately Tuthmosis III damaged them. The columns in the back, unfortunately, were destroyed; Thutmose III too!
The colonnade leading to the sanctuary of the temple, was also severely damaged. The sanctuary consists of two small chapels.
In the Ptolemaic period, added a third chapel of the sanctuary, which was also decorated with scenes, the most notable being representing Amenhotep, son of Habo (18th Dynasty), which, like Imhotep of the third dynasty, was another genius architecture of ancient Egypt.
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